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发现
- 去找1总流入量超过20%, 或者大约400美元, lower than baseline 在登陆的那一周. Inflows recovered quickly in 休斯顿, 但在迈阿密却不是这样.
- 去找2在总, total outflows dropped by more than 65 percent around the day of landfall and by more than 30 percent, 或者大约500美元, 在登陆的那一周.
- 去找3一些消费类别(燃料, 杂货店, and home expenses) saw increases in preparation for the hurricane. However, 在登陆的那一周, consumers cut spending across most categories. 医疗保健 spending dropped by more than 50 percent and still remained lower 12 weeks after.
- 去找4 Debt payments dropped by more than 15 percent in the week when the hurricanes hit and cumulatively remained lower than baseline 12 weeks after Hurricane 哈维 and 10 weeks after Hurricane 厄玛.
- 去找5Checking account balances were 10 percent, 或者大约670美元, higher than baseline 12 weeks after Hurricane 哈维 and remained steady 10 weeks after Hurricane 厄玛.
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2018年2月
The year 2017 was marked as the most expensive year for disasters in the US, with total damage exceeding $300 billion (NOAA, 2017). Disasters have been growing in both incidence and the losses they inflict. These losses include direct costs such as injury, 生命损失, and damage to property; as well as indirect costs such as business interruption, 工资损失, 流离失所的居民, 旅游业减少.
How do disasters affect households financially? The 12bet官方 研究所 draws transaction-level data from over one million checking account holders to provide a first-ever daily look at the impacts of Hurricanes 哈维 and 厄玛 on financial outcomes. We find that checking account inflows temporarily dropped by over 20 percent, 或者大约400美元, 在登陆的那一周 for both 哈维 and 厄玛 and recovered quickly in 休斯顿, 但在迈阿密却不是这样. Checking account outflows dropped by more than 30 percent, 或者大约500美元, 在登陆的那一周 and barely recovered 12 weeks after. The changes in spending resulted in welfare losses for some families. Among all spending categories, healthcare dropped the most. Because outflows dropped to a greater extent and for a longer period of time than inflows, families’ checking account balances remained steady or grew in the short run. But these healthier balances may mask incidents of deferred medical and debt payments, as well as anticipated costs to repair homes and replace property. 从这个意义上说, 面对飓风, 家庭在经济上表现出弹性, but may not have been economically resilient.
找到一个: 总流入量超过20%, 或者大约400美元, lower than baseline 在登陆的那一周. Inflows recovered quickly in 休斯顿, 但在迈阿密却不是这样.
发现二: 在总, total outflows dropped by more than 65 percent around the day of landfall and by more than 30 percent, 或者大约500美元, 在登陆的那一周.
发现三: 一些消费类别(燃料, 杂货店, and home expenses) saw increases in preparation for the hurricane. However, 在登陆的那一周, consumers cut spending across most categories. 医疗保健 spending dropped by more than 50 percent and still remained lower 12 weeks after.
发现四: Debt payments dropped by more than 15 percent in the week when the hurricanes hit and cumulatively remained lower than baseline 12 weeks after Hurricane 哈维 and 10 weeks after Hurricane 厄玛.
发现五: Checking account balances were 10 percent, 或者大约670美元, higher than baseline 12 weeks after Hurricane 哈维 and remained steady 10 weeks after Hurricane 厄玛.
结论
These findings underscore that disasters such as hurricanes disrupt the flow of money and people’s financial routines. The spending category that dropped the most was healthcare spending, leaving open key questions as to whether the slowdown in healthcare spending was caused by a drop in demand or disruptions in healthcare supply. While checking account balances remained stable or grew in the short run, these healthier balances may mask welfare losses, such as incidents of deferred medical care and debt payments, as well as anticipated costs to repair homes and replace property. 从这个意义上说, 面对飓风 家庭在经济上表现出弹性 but may not have been economically resilient. Local officials may want to consider strengthening efforts to improve the resiliency of healthcare providers in flood-prone areas. 除了, families living in flood-prone areas could take significant actions to make themselves more economically resilient 面对飓风—notably, building a liquid cash buffer to weather financial volatility and purchasing flood insurance. This report marks a critical step forward in understanding the impacts of hurricanes on people’s financial lives and informing efforts to improve disaster preparedness and response.
